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Toward the end of the pregnancy the animal will be noted to show a preference for some particular corner of the household. This probably is the spot that the animal has selected as its “lyingin” bed. As a hygienic precaution, and to encourage the animal, the owner may cover this area with newspapers and then shred some more newspapers on it. This should be changed daily.
Possibly the simplest way to prevent the animal from chewing things that you do not want it to chew, is to give the pet something that it can be permitted to chew on all it likes. This may be a toy bone or a hard biscuit. Along with this, the pup should be reprimanded with a sharp “No” whenever it attempts to chew on something that is forbidden. Another trick is to dust articles the dog is forbidden to chew with quinine and pepper, but this should serve only as a last resort.
Prolonging the life of the old dog depends directly on our knowledge of the diseases of old age. The study of the diseases of old age is called geriatrics, and it is only in recent years that it has been subjected to systematic and critical consideration. It was not so long ago that the treatment of the diseases of old age consisted essentially in an effort to keep the patient comfortable, the casual administration of drugs that would relieve pain, and the application of halfhearted medical measures, given with a kind of benign hopelessness. The outlook was generally a dismal one. Veterinary medicine had little faith in its ability to combat nature in this regard. The diseases of old age were accepted as somehow inevitable and research was therefore not sufficiently stimulated to undertake the quest of solving the problems involved. The result was that if a dog did live to a ripe old age, it was due more to extraordinary vigor or to meticulous care than to any exceptional medical efforts on the part of the veterinary surgeon. The fact is that most dogs did not often get the opportunity to become old. Potent diseases readily decimated their numbers while they were still in the prime of life. There simply were not many old dogs around.
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Owners should be aware of the things their pets eat and play with. Rawhide chews, knobby plastic toys and some other items are also part of dental hygiene, as they are not hard enough to damage teeth and help in the cleaning process. However, small toys and real bones should be monitored, as they would pose problems if they break into pieces and are swallowed.
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It is important to remember that vitamins are easily lost in the making of manufactured dog food. And they break down as soon as you open the package and expose the food to light and air. Vitamins B and C are particularly sensitive.
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Female dogs come into heat twice a year, for periods of approximately three weeks. The heat period is easily recognized by the obvious enlargement of the external female organs and the persistent discharge of a variable amount of blood. Meticulous animals constantly clean themselves during this period, so that often no blood is apparent. But the owner will rarely overlook the enlargement of the female organs. During this period dogs also show a certain amount of restlessness and increase in appetite.
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