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One of the first and most imperative things for the puppy to learn is to obey the command, “No.” Teaching this should start in the housebreaking period. Whenever the animal makes a mistake it should be told briskly, “No,” grasped by the scruff of the neck, shown what it has done, and then placed on its housebreaking paper. The sharp “No” should also accompany any excess barking or biting on the part of the puppy as well as any other of its undesirable actions. The tone of voice and the attitude of the owner must be such as to make it completely clear to the puppy that disapproval is expressed. The dog will gradually come to associate unpleasantness with the word “No,” and will often seek refuge in its bed until the “heat is off.” The owner should maintain aloofness for a couple of minutes. By that time the pup has forgotten about the whole thing, and further punishment would serve no purpose. Dogs seem to grasp the meaning of the word “No” very quickly, and this is a good thing because the word is invaluable in further training.
Canine distemper virus is transmitted most often through getting in contact with mucous and discharges from the infected dogs’ eyes and noses. Exposure to the urine and feces of dogs with this infection can also cause it.
The first step in treating proctitis is the removal of the cause. Then a bland diet is fed, and sedative, soothing, antiseptic, and tonic medications are administered either orally or directly into the rectum.
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In addition, a good number of veterinarians feel that no treatment may actually be the best course of action, as antibiotics could later weaken a dog’s resistance and increase exposure to pneumonia and other more serious complications.
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Ear cropping is a major surgical operation, performed under general anaesthesia. In some techniques the cut ears are merely bound with adhesive tape, without the use of sutures. But the more common approach is to stitch the cut ear, and after a couple of days to have them bound in wire splints until healing is complete and the stitches can be removed. A third technique, which the author prefers, is to stitch the ears with a dissolvable suture material and then paste them together in a standing position on top of the head. The latter technique requires no bandaging and all the aftercare can be performed by the owner. This method is also accompanied by the least amount of discomfort to the animal.
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The labor period of dogs usually lasts only a few hours, and usually the owner will become conscious of its existence only after some of the puppies have been born. The puppies are born with their eyes closed, which is normal. The eyes open when the pup is ten to twelve days old. The average healthy animal not only will give birth without any difficulty, but will maintain its offspring for the five to sixweek nursing period with very creditable neatness and assurance. The owner should assist in making the weaning period gradual. Toward the end of the third or at the beginning of the fourth week, the owner should start to teach the puppies to take milk from a dish. This will lighten the load on the mother dog and will assist in helping the puppy to make its adaptation to artificial feeding when it is finally separated from its mother after five or six weeks.
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