vitamin b12

A topical question is whether cholesterol-lowering treatment with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) decreases tissue CoQ, and, if so, whether this may attenuate the overall decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or in healthy men at risk for coronary heart disease seen with statins. A potential decrease in CoQ levels could conceivably arise from the inhibition of the synthesis of CoQ by statins. Indeed, there is now evidence that statin therapy lowers plasma concentrations of CoQ, although it remains to be established whether this has clinical consequences.

Ubiquinone, or coenzyme Q (CoQ), was discovered in 1957 by Fred Crane. Its chemical structure was determined a few years later by Karl Folkers, who later won the Priestley medal from the American Chemical Society. CoQ plays an important role in the production of chemical energy in the mitochondria. In its reduced form, ubiquinol, CoQ also serves as an antioxidant. Ubiquinol inhibits lipid peroxidation in biological membranes and in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and it also protects membrane proteins against oxidative damage. While ubiquinol does not require vitamin E for its antioxidant activity, it can regenerate the vitamin from its oxidized form, the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical, a process that otherwise relies on water-soluble vitamin C. This interaction with vitamin E is thought to be particularly important for the protection of LDL and other lipoproteins from oxidative damage, and we now have evidence that directly supports an antioxidant function of ubiquinol against LDL oxidation in blood vessels. On T

Vitamin A helps in the formation and maintenance of healthy teeth,skeletal and soft tissue, mucous membranes, and skin. It is also known as retinol because it generates the pigments that are necessary for the working of the retina. It promotes good vision, especially in dim light. Vitamin A may also be required for reproduction and breast-feeding..

rotenoids, dithiolthiones, flavanoids, indole carbinols, isothiocyanates, mono- and triterpenoids, and thioallyl derivatives).

Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble, meaning that they dissolve in fat and are carried by fat molecules throughout the body. If we had no fat in our diets, we would be unable to absorb these vitamins and reap their benefits.